we Mastering Android UI Testing: Strategies for Seamless App User Experiences

Mobile UI testing is important for ensuring an application’s seamless user experience in various types of mobile devices such as tablets, and mobile phones. In this article, you will get to know specifically about Android UI testing.

There are many tools you can use for Android UI testing such as Testsigma, UI Automator, UI Automator Viewer, Appium, etc. This article will focus on strategies that simplify the UI testing of Android apps, making it easier to ensure quality.

What is Android UI Testing?

Android UI testing means testing and evaluating an Android app for UI issues. There are over 3.5 million publicly available Android apps available in the Google Play Store and there are many more published by different third-party providers. These apps should be error-free, simple, easy to understand, and provide a smooth user experience for the users. However, many apps are not up to the expected quality and standards. The process of UI testing involves testing components in your app, such as screens, buttons, menus, etc., responding to user interactions and different device configurations. Therefore, as developers or testers, you have to maintain your standards to compete with other apps in the market.

Why is Android UI Testing important?

Android UI testing can test multiple aspects of the UI on mobile Android devices.

• UI testing ensures that UI functions work correctly and enhance the user experience.
• It ensures Android apps adhere to guidelines and standards like component labels, color contrast, and support for assistive technologies.
• Effective mobile UI testing identifies both UI and performance-related issues or bugs in the app.
• UI testing maintains consistency across diverse mobile devices and screen sizes, pinpointing layout issues and UI element discrepancies.
• Automation in UI testing enables consistent tests throughout development, promoting continuous integration and delivery.

Approaches – Android UI Testing

There are two main approaches for UI testing Android apps.

Manual Testing of Android UI

Manual UI testing can be done using an emulator or a physical mobile device. This method requires extra time and effort. This gives a more human touch to the testing process when identifying bugs in your app. However, it might not be effective to test complex apps with a high scope.

Manual Testing Example

Let’s take an example of a login screen for creating test cases and steps when doing manual testing.

• The login screen consists of username and password fields, a “Login” button, and additional options like “Forgot Password” or “Register.” Testers enter valid login credentials and tap the “Login” button to confirm successful login and proper navigation to the app’s main dashboard.

• A logout test follows, ensuring a return to the login screen.

• Invalid credentials need to be tested, with verification of appropriate error messages.

• Additionally, assess the “Forgot Password” and “Register” features, if applicable, to ensure password recovery and new user registration work seamlessly. Throughout the process, testers navigate various sections of the app, checking for functionality and device compatibility across different Android devices.

• Any discovered issues are diligently documented or reported through a bug-tracking tool such as JIRA or GIT for further investigation and improvement. This process makes manual testing an essential step in ensuring a flawless mobile app user experience.

Automation Testing – Android UI

There are many tools available today that help you automate the UI tests for your android applications. Some popular tools include Appium, Espresso and Testsigma.

Automation Testing Example

Let’s look at an example scenario where we want to automate the mobile app login process.

Vai your automation tool you would have to write code or record steps – according to what your tool supports – that would mimic user actions like app launch, navigation to sign up, data entry, and form submission.

To summarize, the steps to automate would be:

1. Open your Android app.
2. Click the login button
3. Enter the username
4. Enter the password
5. Click on “Login”

Let’s see how this code would look for different test automation tools.

For Appium, it would look something like below:^[a]

For Espresso, something like below:^[b]

And for Testsigma, like below:
^[c]

Ways to Perform Android UI Testing

Your test suite can be manual or automated, but you can test your application in three main ways.

Physical Device

• First, identify the target Android devices based on factors like Android versions, screen sizes, and resolutions to cover a broad user base. Next, prepare the device by ensuring it has the necessary permissions and configurations, including developer mode and USB debugging.

• Connect the device to a computer via USB, open Android Studio or another testing tool, and deploy the app onto the device for testing.
• Execute a series of test cases, covering various functionalities, UI elements, and scenarios to ensure the app functions as intended.
• Test for compatibility across different device configurations and network conditions.
• Utilize debugging tools and logging to identify and troubleshoot issues.
• Finally, document test results and any discovered defects, allowing developers to make necessary improvements for a smooth user experience on physical Android devices.

Emulator

Testing an Android app with an emulator involves simulating the behavior of an Android device on a computer for the purpose of quality assurance and debugging. To perform emulator testing, you typically follow these steps:

• First, set up the Android emulator using Android Studio or a similar development environment, selecting the target Android version and device configuration that matches your testing needs.

• Next, install the app on the emulator, either by directly running it from your development environment or by manually installing the APK file.
• Once the app is on the emulator, execute various test cases, including functional, UI, and compatibility tests, just as you would on a physical device.
• You can use debugging tools, take screenshots, and monitor log output to identify and resolve issues.

 Emulator testing allows for cost-effective and efficient testing across different Android versions and device configurations, aiding in the development of robust and compatible Android apps.

Real Device in the Cloud

A real device cloud offers a collection of physical devices for testing and debugging software applications. While it shares similarities with physical devices, the key distinction lies in its capacity to significantly expand test coverage.

In essence, real device clouds provide a remote and scalable infrastructure where users can access a wide range of real mobile devices, each with different operating systems, screen sizes, and hardware configurations.

• Testers can interact with these devices remotely, running tests, debugging, and assessing how their applications perform on various real-world devices without needing to possess or maintain the physical devices themselves.
• This approach is particularly valuable for ensuring that mobile apps work seamlessly across a diverse spectrum of devices and configurations, ultimately enhancing the quality and user experience of the software.

Best Practices for Android UI Testing

Here are some useful tips when UI testing Android apps.

• Using Real Devices and Emulators

Testing on a real device as well as on an emulator is important. Emulators are commonly used because we can test on multiple Android versions, devices, and different screen sizes. It is not possible to have multiple real devices just for testing. However, testing on real devices is recommended.

• High Efficiency and Ability to Repeat

Automation is often favored over manual testing due to its efficiency and repeatability. However, manual testing is still preferred, especially when dealing with complex and unpredictable user behavior. It is important when human touch is required to mimic real end-user interactions accurately.

• Using Frameworks

Using frameworks such as Rails for Ruby or Django for Python also can be helpful in testing. These frameworks have built-in functionalities for simplifying automation, allowing users to focus on writing logic while the framework handles communication. For instance, Django provides a basic code foundation, streamlining web application development.

In Android UI testing, frameworks like Espresso offer predefined functionalities, automatically synchronizing test actions with the user interface, ensuring tests run smoothly after the activity starts.

• Avoid Dependencies among Tests

It is not recommended to have dependencies between tests because if the parent test fails all the dependents also fail. Independent tests are easier to maintain. Using annotations like @Before to manage dependencies when necessary, ultimately enhancing test coverage and efficiency in Android UI testing.

• Use Data-Driven Tests

Data-driven tests automate repetitive testing processes by feeding various datasets into a single script, allowing for multiple scenarios to be executed efficiently. This approach significantly improves the test coverage while minimizing the number of scripts needed. Moreover, data-driven tests are time-efficient as they can run in the background, and results can be reviewed later.

• Follow Usability Testing

Usability testing involves evaluating your application with real end-users, offering valuable insights that technical testers might overlook. These non-technical users can provide honest opinions and uncover issues that only someone using the app for its intended purpose would notice.

Bottom Line

Mastering Android UI testing is important for delivering better mobile app experiences. Whether it’s manual testing to simulate user interactions or automated testing, ensuring the flawless functionality, visual appeal, and accessibility of your Android app is essential in a competitive market with millions of apps.

By adhering to best practices, performing comprehensive testing on both real devices and emulators, and considering usability from the perspective of end-users, developers, and testers will give the highest standards of quality and user satisfaction.